CONTRAST MEDIA

CONTRAST MEDIA
is a material used in radiology as a medium that has the ability to absorb radiation is higher or lower than the surrounding tissue. Contrast medium is divided into two, namely: - Contrast Media (+) - Contrast Media (-)
CONTRAST MATERIAL Radiography Contrast materials are substances used to enhance visualization (visibility) of internal structures in a medical diagnostic imaging. The contrast material used in the X-ray imaging to enhance the X-ray attenuation (positive contrast material) that will be discussed in more detail here or reduce the attenuation of X-rays (negative contrast material with a basis of air or gas). Besides the contrast material is also used in the examination of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), but this method is not based on X-rays but the change of the magnetic properties of hydrogen nuclei absorb the contrast material. MRI contrast material with such properties is Gadolinium. The use of contrast media in radiological examinations Tuffier trial begins in 1897, where the experiments he put the wire into the ureter through be on the verge of defeat., Resulting in the shadow of the ureter in the radiograph. Subsequent experiments by using contrast liquid to describe the anatomy of the urinary tract. Contrast these include: colloidal silver, bismuth, sodium iodide, silver iodide, strontium chloride, and so forth. The method gradually becoming obsolete because of dangerous complications. Infection, tissue trauma, the occurrence of emboli, and silver deposits in the kidneys are the side effects that can not be avoided. Base of previous experiences and the radiologist agreed to megadakan renewal in the use of contrast media in radiology. And in 1928 a urologist, in cooperation with Prof.Lichtwitz Dr.Moses Swick, Binz, Rath, and Lichtenberg introduces the discovery of iodine contrast media used water-soluble intravenous urography in the investigation. Media kotras successfully synthesized, diantranya dalah: iodopyridone sodium-N-acetic acid called Urosectan-B (Iopax), and sodium oidomethamate called Uroselectan-B (Neoiopax). Radiographs in terms of both kinds of media kotras gives satisfactory results, but of the patients still cause adverse effects are: nausea and vomiting. Furthermore Dr.Swick and his friends continue its efforts to develop Iodopyracet which can temporarily replacing the Neoiopax in intravenous urography examinations. Effort to develop a contrast media continues. Starting mid-1950 all types of contrast media for intravascular use are for use in intravascular began to change. This began a period of intravascular contrast media using benzoic acid molecules as basic materials to bind the three iodine atoms. From the test results prove that this type of contrast medium has advantages compared with previous types of contrast media. This type of contrast media is diantarannya; acetrizoate made in 1950, diatrizoate in 1954, metrizoate 1961, iothalamate 1962, 1965 and ioxithalamate iodamide 1968. Finally, contrast media can also be used as a continuous intravascular continues to experience perfection. From the research results prove that ionisitas and osmolality are key to the occurrence of toxicity in patients. Then starting in 1969 dr.Torsten Almen developed the kind of non-ionic contrast media with a relatively low osmolality. At first he conducted research on family Metrizamide previously used in the examination mielografi. With the creation of water soluble contrast media for mielografi checks, use of intravascular beginning to be studied. The final results provide the best way for all kinds of radiological examination using iodine contrast media non-ionic water-soluble by intravascular There are two types of basic raw materials of positive contrast material used in the X-ray examination with the barium and iodine. A type of contrast material is another long-Thorotrast with basic compound thorium dioxide, but its use has been discontinued because it proved to be a carcinogen.